_{step 1}), fewer other-gender friends (H_dos), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (H_{step three}). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (H_cuatro). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H₅). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (H_six) and mixed-gender friendships (H_eight).

Participants.

People have been hired of four regional highest universities (one to most of the-girls, one all-boys as well as 2 coeducational) situated in demographically varied areas when you look at the Hong-kong. Members included Mode step one so you can six (eight th so you can 12 th amounts) children apart from the all the-women university, where Form six youngsters had been omitted considering the school’s arrangement getting societal exam preparing. Surveys were given because of the a course professor from inside the for every class. People completed actions for the situated variables and you will claimed their month-to-month friends money, adult knowledge and you can years, numbers of sisters and brothers, and you may ethnicity. This research is actually carried out in accordance into the recommendations and you can approval of one’s College off Hong kong Peoples Research Integrity Committee (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and you may passive consent of parents or guardians have been gotten ahead of studies range. All sufferers gave authored advised agree according to the Report out-of Helsinki.

A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, M_age = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table 1.

Gender salience level.

Intercourse salience is counted of the McGuire mais aussi al.’s the reason method . It level is proven become on the or influenced by the sex composition [twenty seven,53]. Users was requested supply three quick answers to each from these questions: “Tell me what you are” and you can “Let me know what you are not”. These were instructed to write down what they you will think about immediately. New solutions had been up coming coded just like the “gender-related” otherwise “non-gender-related”. Desk 2 shows types of that it coding scheme https://datingranking.net/interracial-dating-central-review/. Solutions were earliest coded alone from the a couple coders. Inter-rater accuracy are high for everybody solutions (the ? > .93). Disputes was in fact after that fixed by talks between them coders. The full quantity of gender-associated answers over the two concerns are summed to point intercourse salience.